📝 What You’ll Learn

• How to use Java’s Math class
• Common math functions: abs, pow, sqrt, round
• Generating random numbers
• Rounding techniques

➕ Java Math Class

Java provides a utility class Math in java.lang that includes methods for performing basic numeric operations.

You don’t need to create an object to use Math — all methods are static!

🧠 Common Math Methods

Method	Description
Math.abs(x)	Absolute value
Math.pow(a, b)	a raised to the power b
Math.sqrt(x)	Square root
Math.max(a, b)	Returns the larger of two values
Math.min(a, b)	Returns the smaller of two values
Math.round(x)	Rounds to the nearest whole number
Math.floor(x)	Rounds down
Math.ceil(x)	Rounds up
Math.random()	Returns a random number [0.0, 1.0)

🧪 Examples

System.out.println(Math.abs(-10));       // 10
System.out.println(Math.pow(2, 3));      // 8.0
System.out.println(Math.sqrt(25));       // 5.0
System.out.println(Math.max(10, 20));    // 20
System.out.println(Math.round(3.7));     // 4
System.out.println(Math.floor(3.7));     // 3.0
System.out.println(Math.ceil(3.3));      // 4.0

🎲 Random Numbers

double r = Math.random(); // value between 0.0 and 1.0
System.out.println(r);

To generate a number in a range:

int randomNum = (int)(Math.random() * 10) + 1;  // 1 to 10

Or use Random class:

import java.util.Random;

Random rand = new Random();
int randInt = rand.nextInt(10); // 0 to 9

💡 Trigonometric Methods

Math also provides trigonometric functions:

Math.sin(angle);   // angle in radians
Math.cos(angle);
Math.tan(angle);

To convert degrees to radians:

double radians = Math.toRadians(90);

📘 Recap

• Java’s Math class provides tons of utility functions
• Math.random() generates pseudo-random numbers
• Use Math.round(), ceil(), floor() for rounding
• Trigonometric functions available too